O AVANÇO DA IDADE MATERNA COMO UM FATOR DE RISCO PARA O DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic problem during pregnancy, involving changes in glycemic factors, along with environmental factors that increase the risk of developing the condition. Given the relevance of this topic, through an integrative literature review, our objectives are to understand the influence of advancing age on the development of GDM, addressing its pathophysiology, risk factors, alterations in glucose metabolism with age, as well as maternal and newborn complications. Data collection was conducted on the BVS, SciELO, and PubMed platforms, selecting articles from 2013 to 2023, considering the following keywords: gestational diabetes, risk factors, metabolic disorders, prenatal care, and pregnancy. The main risk factors include age over 25 years, family history of GDM, personal history of metabolic disorders, among others. Aging brings about physiological changes, defined as senescence, which are an important factor in the development of GDM. Consequently, some complications may arise during pregnancy for both mother and fetus. Maternal complications include vaginal candidiasis, urinary tract infection, and polyhydramnios. Fetal complications include macrosomia, birth trauma, miscarriage, congenital malformations, intrauterine death, and other complications. Therefore, it is concluded that further studies are needed to provide clearer guidelines for more appropriate management in patients aged 35 or older with GDM. Such advancements may lead to better outcomes for mothers and their babies, as well as enhance overall patient care strategies.